Keyword Index
| weeds | 346 |
| 2,4-D | 34, 144, 148, 219, 391 |
| 2,4-DB | 252 |
| 3D | 249 |
| 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase (HPPD) | 160 |
| Abiotic stress | 287 |
| Acifluorfen | 149 |
| Adaptation | 84 |
| Adjuvants | 77, 79, 105, 366 |
| Aeschynomene americana | 59 |
| AG13064 | 366 |
| agricultural chemical industry | 359 |
| agroecosystem | 178 |
| AHP | 270 |
| Alfalfa | 116, 285, 383 |
| Allee effect | 278 |
| allelopathic rice | 291 |
| Allelopathy | 291 |
| Allium cepa | 331 |
| allocation | 157 |
| Alopecurus myosuroides | 242 |
| alternative crops | 256 |
| Amaranthus hybridus | 113, 292 |
| Amaranthus palmeri | 24, 34, 45, 46, 57, 93, 110, 123, 139, 149, 160, 168, 181, 189, 190, 202, 203, 213, 263, 287, 362, 396, 397 |
| Amaranthus powellii | 142 |
| Amaranthus retroflexus | 136, 142, 185 |
| Amaranthus tamariscinus | 203 |
| Amaranthus tuberculatus | 93, 144, 391 |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia | 123 |
| Ambrosia trifida | 17, 144 |
| Ametryn | 138 |
| Aminopyralid | 70 |
| analytic hierarchy processing | 270 |
| animal bone | 117 |
| Annual weeds | 87 |
| Anthraquinone derivative | 106, 282 |
| Anti-herbivore | 282 |
| Application uniformity | 97 |
| Application, chemigation | 331 |
| Application, sequential | 105 |
| Aquatic environment | 218 |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 89 |
| Arachis hypogaea | 367 |
| Areas, natural | 92, 227, 279 |
| Artificial intelligence | 362 |
| Arylpicolinates | 209 |
| Asulam | 252 |
| Asymmetric introgression | 278 |
| Atrazine | 24, 118, 138, 160, 186, 219 |
| Australia | 11, 178 |
| bahiagrass | 21 |
| Base water potential | 84 |
| Bean, lima | 343 |
| Bean, snap | 343 |
| Benefit-cost ratio | 212 |
| Bermudagrass, | 71 |
| best management practices | 212 |
| Beta vulgaris | 256 |
| Bidens pilosa | 3 |
| bio-fuel | 256 |
| Bioassay | 181 |
| Bioavailability | 118 |
| Bioherbicide | 315 |
| biological characteristics | 92 |
| Biological control | 104, 314, 316 |
| Biology, weed | 209, 279, 387 |
| Biosynthesis | 106 |
| Bispyribac-sodium | 335 |
| bispyribac-sodium | 382 |
| Blackgrass | 193 |
| Brassica napus | 83 |
| Bromoxynil | 39 |
| Bulbil production | 316 |
| Burial depth | 93 |
| Burning | 226 |
| Butterfly, monarch | 227 |
| Camellia oleifera Abel forest | 100, 346 |
| Canola | 83, 118, 240 |
| Capsicum annuum | 342 |
| carbohydrate | 157 |
| Carfentrazone-ethyl | 252, 345 |
| Carrot | 142 |
| Cenchrus echinatus | 71 |
| Centaurea moncktonii | 95 |
| challenges | 178 |
| Cheatgrass | 315 |
| Chenopodium album | 136 |
| China | 67 |
| Chlorimuron-ethyl | 3 |
| Chloris virgata | 185 |
| Chlorophyll | 110 |
| Chlorophyll fluorescence | 110 |
| Clethodim | 129 |
| Climate Change | 111 |
| climate change | 214 |
| Cloransulam-methyl | 31 |
| Clover | 252, 374 |
| Clover, red | 252 |
| Clover, white | 252 |
| Competition | 57 |
| Competition in seeds and chemicals | 360 |
| competitive ability | 23 |
| Compost | 294 |
| computer science | 398 |
| control measures | 92 |
| Conyza canadensis | 31, 181 |
| Corn | 196, 238, 293 |
| Cotton | 45, 46, 185, 189, 203, 362 |
| Cover crop | 59, 263, 296, 374 |
| cover crop | 340, 343 |
| cover crops | 214 |
| Creeping inchplant | 102 |
| Crops, glyphosate-resistant | 34 |
| Crotalaria juncea | 59 |
| Crotalaria ochroleuca | 59 |
| Cultivation | 256 |
| cultivation | 256 |
| cyhalofop | 387 |
| cyhalofop butyl | 382 |
| Cyhalofop-butyl | 111 |
| Cynodon dactylon | 71 |
| Cyperus esculentus | 331, 342 |
| cytochrome P450 | 238 |
| Daucus carota | 142 |
| Deer repellent | 282 |
| Defense response | 89 |
| Desmedipham | 256 |
| Detoxification | 242 |
| Dicamba | 24, 26, 29, 44, 45, 46, 120, 144, 197, 202, 203, 213, 219, 377 |
| Diclosulam | 3 |
| Digitaria sanguinalis | 139, 342 |
| Dimethenamid-P | 238, 331 |
| Dioscorea bulbifera | 316 |
| Distribution | 190 |
| diversity | 214 |
| Dose-response | 44, 112, 113 |
| Drift | 44 |
| Drift, spray | 49, 335 |
| Drip fumigation | 339 |
| Drip irrigation | 331 |
| Droplet Size | 149 |
| drought | 87 |
| Drought | 26, 279, 397 |
| Echinochloa colona | 245, 387 |
| Echinochloa crus-galli | 209, 291 |
| Echinochloa crusgalli | 382 |
| Echinochloa oryzicola | 244 |
| Ecology, weed | 87, 93, 104, 295 |
| Ecotype | 86, 237, 286 |
| Education | 231 |
| efficacy | 367 |
| Electron transport rate | 110 |
| Eleusine indica | 48, 292, 342 |
| Emergence, weed | 87 |
| EPSPS | 10 |
| Erigeron canadensis | 292 |
| Ethofumesate | 256 |
| Eucalyptus grandis | 372 |
| expert witness | 233 |
| Extension | 231, 237 |
| Fagopyrum esculentum | 136 |
| Flumetsulam | 252 |
| Fluroxypyr | 70 |
| Fomesafen | 144, 213 |
| Forest | 279, 314 |
| Fragaria x ananassa | 338 |
| Galium aparine | 295 |
| Gender | 110 |
| Genetic analysis | 17, 238, 286, 393, 398 |
| Genetic diversity | 398 |
| Genetic relatedness | 190 |
| genomics | 398 |
| Germination | 88, 93, 95, 294, 374 |
| Giant smutgrass | 21, 226 |
| Glufosinate | 24, 31, 34, 45, 63, 129, 144, 175, 181, 189, 213, 285, 345, 387 |
| Glufosinate based systems | 6 |
| glutathione S-transferase | 238 |
| Glycine max | 24, 29, 34, 44, 49, 57, 144, 196, 197, 213, 263, 293, 377 |
| Glycine max | 26, 120 |
| Glyphosate | 17, 31, 34, 45, 46, 71, 77, 79, 112, 113, 116, 144, 185, 190, 240, 285, 287, 366, 372, 374, 383, 397 |
| Glyphosate resistance | 17, 112, 113, 190 |
| gof turf | 67 |
| Gossypium hirsutum | 45, 46, 185, 189, 203 |
| Grazing | 226 |
| Habitats, disturbed | 70, 87, 279, 287, 293, 314, 331 |
| Habitats, natural | 69, 314, 353 |
| Habitats, semi-natural | 95 |
| Halosulfuron | 61 |
| Harvest weed seed control | 152 |
| Harvest Weed Seed Control | 124 |
| Herbicide | 362 |
| herbicide | 100, 346 |
| Herbicide adherence | 77, 79 |
| herbicide development | 359 |
| Herbicide efficacy evaluation | 369 |
| Herbicide fate | 117 |
| Herbicide formulation | 77, 79, 185, 209 |
| Herbicide metabolism | 26, 175, 238, 240, 242, 244, 393 |
| Herbicide mode of action | 185, 209 |
| Herbicide penetration | 77, 79 |
| Herbicide performance | 369 |
| Herbicide resistance | 63, 97, 116, 168, 175, 185, 231, 242, 244, 287, 383, 387, 396 |
| Herbicide resistance | 11 |
| herbicide resistance | 348, 349, 350 |
| herbicide safener | 238 |
| Herbivore impact | 316 |
| Hexazinone | 185 |
| Hippuris vulgaris | 70 |
| Hop | 345 |
| Hormesis | 287 |
| Host plant preference | 88 |
| HPPD resistance | 168 |
| Humulus lupulus | 345 |
| Hybrid | 95 |
| hydric stress | 23 |
| Hydroponics | 374 |
| Imazamox | 116, 383 |
| Imazapic | 39 |
| Imazethapyr | 3 |
| Imperata cylindrica | 314 |
| indica rice | 291 |
| Indigofera hirsuta | 59 |
| Integrated pest management | 340, 343 |
| Integrated weed management | 11, 69, 124, 136, 152, 209, 227, 256, 270, 291, 342, 374 |
| Interference | 291 |
| invasive plant | 23 |
| Invasive species | 279 |
| Invasive vine | 316 |
| Invasiveness | 11 |
| Ipomoea batatas | 139 |
| Ipomoea hederacea var. integriuscula | 144, 263 |
| Ipomoea lacunosa | 287 |
| Isoxaflutole | 49 |
| Juglans regia | 335 |
| Kochia scoparia | 181 |
| Lactofen | 149 |
| Landscapes | 69, 180, 214, 316, 353 |
| Leptochloa chinensis | 209 |
| Lespedeza cuneata | 70 |
| Light intensity | 110 |
| light quality | 157 |
| Linaria dalmatica | 69 |
| Linaria vulgaris | 69 |
| Lolium multiflorum | 175 |
| Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum | 63, 116, 124, 152, 285, 383 |
| Lolium rigidum | 181 |
| Low desert alfalfa | 39 |
| Lythrum salicaria | 292 |
| Machine learning | 362 |
| main trouble weed | 67 |
| Mate limitation | 278 |
| MCPA | 252 |
| Meadow knapweed | 95 |
| Mechanical weed control | 136 |
| Membrane | 106 |
| Mergers and innovation | 360 |
| Mesosulfuron-methyl | 116, 383 |
| Mesotrione | 160, 219 |
| meta-analysis | 29 |
| Meta-data analysis | 369 |
| Metabolism | 111, 245 |
| metabolite profiling | 238 |
| Metabolomics | 397 |
| Metribuzin | 39, 138 |
| Metsulfuron | 70, 71 |
| Microscope | 106 |
| Microstegium vimineum (Japanese stiltgrass) | 279 |
| Millennial generation | 249 |
| mixed turf | 67 |
| mobile herbicide | 117 |
| Model | 278 |
| Mollugo verticillata | 342 |
| Monitoring | 369 |
| Morpho-physiology | 11 |
| Mowing | 227 |
| Mulch | 180 |
| Mulch, living | 342 |
| multi-view stereo | 268 |
| multiple resistance | 285, 387 |
| Multiple resistance | 245 |
| Murdannia nudiflora | 219 |
| Napropamide | 330 |
| Native ornamental species | 227 |
| native pastures | 23 |
| natural habitats | 214 |
| New York State | 95 |
| Nicosulfuron | 71 |
| No-tillage | 293, 342 |
| Non-crop | 61, 95, 149, 227 |
| non-target-site resistance | 387 |
| Novel site of action | 193 |
| nozzle type | 367 |
| Nursery production | 180 |
| Nutrient content | 110 |
| Nutrient deficiency | 110 |
| nutrient management | 372 |
| Oenothera laciniata | 256 |
| Onion, dry bulb | 331 |
| opportunities | 178 |
| Optimal temperature | 84 |
| Orchards | 63, 116, 285, 383 |
| Organic agriculture | 136, 152 |
| Orobanche cernua | 88 |
| Orobanche cumana (broomrape, sunflower) | 88 |
| Oryza sativa | 97, 209, 286, 291 |
| Oryza sativa | 86, 286 |
| overlapping residual herbicide programs | 212 |
| Oxalis stricta | 342 |
| oxidized lipids | 238 |
| Oxyfluorfen | 129 |
| Oxytropis sericea | 114 |
| Panicum dichotomiflorum | 138, 144 |
| Paraquat | 31, 116, 129, 285, 345, 383 |
| Parasitic weed | 88, 89 |
| Parthenium hysterophorus | 112 |
| partitioning | 157 |
| Pastures | 226 |
| pastures | 21 |
| Pea | 374 |
| Peanut | 367 |
| Pendimethalin | 185 |
| Pepper, bell | 330, 342 |
| Perennial weeds | 114 |
| Phelipanche aegyptiaca (broomrape, Egyptian) | 89 |
| Phenmedipham | 256 |
| phosphate deficiency | 372 |
| phosphorous | 372 |
| Photosystem (PS) II | 160 |
| Physiological | 86, 383 |
| Pisum sativum | 374 |
| plant phenotyping | 268 |
| Poisonous plants | 114 |
| Pollination | 278 |
| Pollinator Habitat | 353 |
| Popcorn | 186 |
| Population genetics | 190 |
| Potato | 316 |
| Potato, sweet | 139 |
| potential weed | 67 |
| PPO | 196 |
| PPO inhibitors | 396 |
| PPO2 mutation | 396 |
| PRE followed by POST | 212 |
| precision ag | 330 |
| precision agriculture | 268 |
| Priming | 287 |
| Propanil | 387 |
| Protox | 196 |
| Public lands | 95 |
| Pueraria lobata | 292 |
| Purple nutsedge | 339 |
| Quinclorac | 387 |
| Quizalofop | 151 |
| Rangeland | 71, 114 |
| Rangeland | 226 |
| Rates, reduced herbicide | 77, 79, 256 |
| regional listening sessions | 348, 349, 350 |
| remote sensing | 21 |
| Remote Sensing | 123 |
| Remote sensing | 139 |
| resistance | 10, 285 |
| Resistance management | 168, 193, 213, 393 |
| retention | 117 |
| Review | 393 |
| Rice | 86, 97, 129, 209, 237, 286, 291 |
| Right-of-way | 227, 353 |
| RIL (recurrent inbred line) | 291 |
| Rinskor | 209 |
| ripeners | 10 |
| Risk assessment | 369 |
| RNA sequencing | 148 |
| RNA-seq | 391 |
| Roadsides | 227, 279, 285, 383 |
| Rumex spp. | 252 |
| Rye | 374 |
| Ryegrass | 193 |
| s-metolachlor | 24, 185, 186, 238, 330 |
| Saflufenacil | 39, 252 |
| Sagittaria pygmaea | 92 |
| Secale cereale | 374 |
| Secale cereale | 374 |
| Secondary metabolites | 397 |
| Seed and chemical mergers | 360 |
| Seed biology | 95 |
| Seed crop production | 252 |
| Seed viability | 93 |
| seed viability | 10, 279 |
| Seedbank | 46, 93, 296 |
| Seedbank persistence | 93 |
| segmentation | 268 |
| Selectivity, herbicide | 238 |
| Senna obtusifolia | 123 |
| sequential application intervals | 6 |
| Sesbania exaltata | 105 |
| Setaria faberi | 144 |
| Setaria viridis | 136 |
| Sethoxydim | 116, 285, 383 |
| shade avoidance | 157 |
| Sicklepod | 282 |
| Sinapis arvensis | 136 |
| Site restoration | 316 |
| site specific weed management | 268 |
| Smothering effects | 316 |
| soil conditions | 87 |
| Soil distrurbance | 87 |
| Soil Organic Matter Content | 118 |
| Soil temperature and water content | 93 |
| soil-applied dose response | 168 |
| Sonchus oleraceus | 11 |
| Sorghastrum nutans | 70 |
| Sorghum | 48, 238 |
| Sorghum halepense | 181 |
| Sorghum vulgare | 48, 238 |
| Soybean | 282 |
| Soybean | 24, 29, 34, 44, 49, 57, 196, 197, 213, 240, 263, 293, 340, 343, 377 |
| soybean yield | 212 |
| Spread | 190 |
| stability | 214 |
| Strawberry | 338 |
| Stress tolerance | 397 |
| Sugar beet | 256 |
| Sugarcane | 138 |
| Sulfentrazone | 219 |
| Summer application | 39 |
| Sunflower | 268 |
| Survey, weed | 285 |
| susceptibility | 382 |
| Synergist | 242 |
| tailwater recovery | 120 |
| Taraxacum officinale | 104 |
| target-site resistance | 387 |
| Technology in education | 249 |
| Tembotrione | 391 |
| Tensioactives | 77 |
| testimony | 233 |
| Tetrazolium test | 93 |
| Thermoinhibition | 84 |
| Thifensulfuron-methyl | 24, 61 |
| Tillage | 87 |
| Tillage, reduced | 342 |
| Tolerance | 44 |
| Tomato | 285, 330, 339, 377 |
| Topramezone | 138 |
| Transcriptome | 148 |
| transcriptomics | 398 |
| Transgenic crops | 83 |
| Translocation | 175 |
| transport | 117 |
| Trianthema portulacastrum | 185 |
| Tribenuron-methyl | 295 |
| Triclopyr | 70 |
| Trifloxysulfuron | 61 |
| Trifolium incarnatum | 374 |
| Trifolium pratense | 148 |
| Trifolium repens | 104 |
| Trifolium spp. | 252 |
| Triticum aestivum | 374 |
| Triticum aestivum | 97, 151, 196, 374 |
| tropical japonica rice | 291 |
| Turfgrass | 219 |
| UAV | 123 |
| unmanned aerial vehicle | 218 |
| Uptake | 111 |
| UV fluorescence | 106 |
| Vegetation management | 227 |
| Vicia villosa | 374 |
| Vineyard | 63, 116, 285, 383 |
| Virtual reality in education | 249 |
| volatility | 377 |
| Website | 237 |
| Weed abundance | 87 |
| Weed biology | 17, 87, 95, 114, 287 |
| Weed competition | 136, 139 |
| Weed control | 339 |
| weed control | 6 |
| Weed control systems | 144 |
| Weed density | 139 |
| Weed identification | 362 |
| Weed identification | 268 |
| weed management | 178 |
| Weed management | 71, 138, 185, 186, 193, 374, 393 |
| Weed pathogens | 105 |
| weed science teaching | 249 |
| Weed seed production | 369 |
| Weed suppression | 61, 291, 342 |
| weeds | 100 |
| Wheat | 97, 124, 151, 152, 196, 242, 374 |
| Yield components | 144 |
| Yield loss | 186 |
| yield loss function | 29 |
| Zea mays | 196, 238, 293 |
| Zea mays var. everta | 186 |